The term a prima vista is also used, as Italian words and phrases are commonly used in music and music notation. This distinction is analogous to ordinary prose reading in late antiquity, when the ability to read silently was notable enough for Augustine of Hippo to comment on it. Less able sight-readers generally must at least hum or whistle in order to sight-read effectively. Highly skilled musicians can sight-read silently that is, they can look at the printed music and hear it in their heads without playing or singing (see audiation). This differentiation leaves a third, more restricted use of the term "sight-reading" for the silent reading of music without creating sound by instrument or voice. Udtaisuk and some other authors prefer the use of the more specific terms "sight-playing" and "sight-singing" where applicable. the conversion of musical information from sight to sound". People in music literature commonly use the term "sight-reading" generically for "the ability to read and produce both instrumental and vocal music at first sight. Both activities require the musician to play or sing the notated rhythms and pitches. Sight-singing is used to describe a singer who is sight-reading. In music, sight-reading, also called a prima vista (Italian meaning "at first sight"), is the practice of reading and performing of a piece in a music notation that the performer has not seen or learned before.
Caravaggio's Rest on the Flight into Egypt (1594–96)
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